The realm of gambling psychology has always been a complex field of study, as the motivations of gamblers can vary greatly when they sign up to an online casino or step foot into a land-based venue. To comprehend the mental landscape of gamblers, it is crucial to analyse and understand both healthy and unhealthy gambling behaviours, as they exhibit a stark contrast.

Over the past decades, numerous research teams around the world have delved into the scientific exploration of casino gamblers, utilising both behavioural and neurological analyses. These endeavours have pinpointed certain cognitive processes that contribute to what is referred to as problem gambling. As a result, a consensus has emerged regarding the psychological workings of pathological gamblers. To delve into the psychology of gambling, several fundamental questions must be addressed. In this article, we will explore different topics that are related to the psychology of gambling.

Motivations Behind Gambling

People engage in gambling for various reasons and not all players belong to the group of problematic gamblers. The majority of individuals fall under the category of social gamblers, participating in games for a while and then leaving the casino floor without any forms of distress. Before delving into the mindset of problem gamblers, it is thus essential to examine the motivations of healthy gamblers. This establishes a baseline against which problem behaviour can be compared, while providing insights into the existence of casino gambling. These individuals are commonly referred to as recreational players or recreational gamblers. The following are the reasons why healthy players engage in casino games:

• Pleasure: Many people find that it’s even more enjoyable to play casino games with the added benefit of casino bonuses, as they enhance the experience and provide extra incentives while playing for money
• Excitement: gambling often induces an adrenaline rush, particularly for those who seek the thrill of winning, akin to the exhilaration experienced in sports competitions. Sports betting, for instance, is known to combine both into one activity.
• Social Interaction: for many players gambling often serves as a means of socialising, with common examples including craps players betting on the shooter or skilled poker enthusiasts revelling in the competitive atmosphere.
• Showing Off Wealth: some individuals enjoy flaunting their affluence to fellow gamblers by indulging in extravagant spending. These people are known as high rollers.
• VIP Treatment: some high rollers relish the attention, complimentary perks, and rewards bestowed upon them by casino staff when they wager substantial sums of money.
• Challenge: skill-based games like blackjack and especially poker present a challenge for gamblers to conquer, fueling their motivation to participate.
• Profits: especially poker is known to be a casino game where skills make a difference. The right experience can make you a better player which is why some players have managed to turn their hobby into a full time profession.

Scientific Research on Gambling Psychology

Consistent research indicates that approximately 96% to 98% of gamblers fall into the categories of so-called recreational or social gamblers, demonstrating healthy gambling behaviours. However, a darker side of the gambler’s mentality exists, which is the side that manages to get the attention of politicians and healthcare institutions. Albeit relatively small, the presence of problem gamblers and pathological gamblers cannot be ignored.

Problem gamblers struggle to maintain control over their betting habits, displaying certain risk factors that place them on the brink of compulsive gambling. Pathological gamblers, on the other hand, are completely consumed by addiction, incapable of controlling their spending within a gambling establishment, akin to how a shopping addict approaches retail outlets. Pathological gamblers face the same issues as alcoholics or drug addicts, grappling with financial distress, bankruptcy, mental depression, and even suicidal thoughts.

Reasons Problem Gamblers Continue in Gambling

For scientists studying the psychology of pathological gambling, the crucial aspect lies in identifying the behaviours and motivations that propel a casino patron toward the darker side of gambling. Some questions that need to be addressed are:

• When does gambling transition into a problem?
• What are the warning signs?
• Which motivations are considered problematic for a gambler?

Over time, a consensus has emerged with ten common warning signs of compulsive gambling. Drawing from these findings, we can outline the reasons why gambling addicts exhibit unhealthy gaming behaviours. Problem gamblers persist in gambling for various reasons, driven by a combination of psychological, emotional, and situational factors. Here are some common reasons why problem gamblers continue to engage in gambling despite negative consequences:

• Escapism: many problem gamblers and pathological gamblers turn to gambling as a coping mechanism for life’s stresses.
• Illusion of Control: some gamblers perceive a sense of control due to near-misses and personal decision-making.
• Chasing Wins: certain individuals believe they can outsmart the casino and secure real money winnings, disregarding the inherent house edge.
• Chasing Losses: after incurring losses, some gamblers perceive recouping the lost money as the only way out of their financial predicament.
• Cognitive Biases: problem gamblers often fall victim to cognitive biases, including that of selective memory, where they only remember their wins and conveniently forget their losses. This bias can distort their perception of their overall gambling performance and reinforce the belief that they are “due” for a win.
• Availability and Accessibility: the easy accessibility of gambling opportunities, such as online gambling platforms or nearby land based casinos, can also contribute to persistent gambling behaviour. The constant availability of gambling options increases the likelihood of impulsive and excessive gambling.

Problem gamblers often possess mixed motivations, where healthy motivations coexist with problematic ones, resulting in occasional instances where their pastime becomes problematic.

In contrast, the group of pathological gamblers is entirely in the grip of addiction, where these darker motivations usually overshadow any enjoyment derived from the game of chance itself. Gambling becomes a treacherous slope leading to financial distress.

Researchers assess that 80% of problem gamblers never seek treatment. Consequently, psychologists specialising in compulsive gambling recommend therapy as a crucial step towards recovery. Many problem gamblers reach a level of financial instability that renders treatment cost-prohibitive. Those who do seek treatment often do so when faced with bankruptcy, often prompted by concerned family members or loved ones. Regulated gaming ensures that problem gamblers have access to resources promoting responsible gambling, including helplines, hotlines, self-exclusion programs, panic buttons, and entry into support groups like Gamblers Anonymous (GA) or other forms of group therapy.

Conclusion

The psychology of gambling often pays attention to the negative side, but engaging into games of chance does not necessarily mean that someone falls into an addiction. Healthy gamblers engage in a wide array of motivations, such as seeking enjoyment, excitement, social interaction, special VIP treatment, as well as the desire to hone skills and strategies in games of chance. These individuals fall into the broad categories of recreational and social gamblers. The majority of casino gamblers are distinct from the small group of players who have lost control over their actions.

On the other hand, problem gamblers and pathological gamblers possess a different set of motivations when launching a casino game or entering into a gambling establishment. Many initially turn to casino gambling as a means to escape life’s stresses and frustrations, only to find those same issues trailing them once again into the casino. Unrestrained and excessive gambling leads to significant losses, often propelling pathological gamblers into a destructive cycle of chasing those losses.

However, understanding the psychology of gambling addicts effectively aids in the development of theories to combat problem gambling. Consequently, therapists and gambling counsellors can devise strategies to help individuals cope with and overcome compulsive gambling. By addressing the distorted thought processes underlying problem behaviour, pathological gamblers can get a hold on the tools and support needed to change their mindset.